GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
(a) A drug interaction between two similar types of drugs
(b) Rapidly developing tolerance
(c) A synergism between two types of drugs
(d) None of the above
202. Drug A in a dose of 10 mg produces same response as with 100 mg of drug B
202. Drug A in a dose of 10 mg produces same response as with 100 mg of drug B
(a) Drug A is 10 times more potent than drug B
(b) Drug B is 10 times more potent than drug A
(c) Drug A is 10 times more efficacious than drug B
(d) Both are equally potent
(e) Both are equally efficacious
203. Teratogenicity is
203. Teratogenicity is
(a) The acute reaction to drugs
(b) Intolerance to drugs
(c) Tumour forming action of the drugs
(d) Malformation of the foetus
204. The chances of fontal malformation with a teratogenic drug is maximum
204. The chances of fontal malformation with a teratogenic drug is maximum
(a) During first trimester of pregnancy
(b) During second trimester of pregnancy
(c) During third trimester of pregnancy
(d) When given just prior to the labor
205. Phocomelia is a known teratogenic effect of
205. Phocomelia is a known teratogenic effect of
(a) Anticancer drugs
(b) Antiviral drugs
(c) Antiepileptic drugs
(d) Thalidomide
206. Which of the following drugs are known to cause toxic cataract?
206. Which of the following drugs are known to cause toxic cataract?
(a) Chloroquine
(b) Ergot
(c) Phenothiazine
(d) Naphthalene
(e) All of the above
207. The passage of drugs into the foetus from placenta
207. The passage of drugs into the foetus from placenta
(a) Is by active transport
(b) Is by passive diffusion
(c) Is by carrier mediated transport
(d) By any of the above methods
208. Idiosyncrasy reaction of a drug is
208. Idiosyncrasy reaction of a drug is
(a) A type of hypersensitivity reaction
(b) A type of drug antagonism
(c) Unpredictable, inherent, qualitatively abnormal reaction of a drug
(d) Quantitatively exaggerated response
209. Two drugs having similar effects are termed as
209. Two drugs having similar effects are termed as
(a) Heterergic drugs
(b) Isomer drugs
(c) Homergic drugs
(d) Antagonistic drugs
210. If the combined effect of two drugs acting by the same mechanism is equal to the allegebric sum of their individual effect, it is called as
210. If the combined effect of two drugs acting by the same mechanism is equal to the allegebric sum of their individual effect, it is called as
(a) Antagonism
(b) Additive effect
(c) Potentiation
(d) None of the above
211. Antagonism between barbiturate and amphetamine is termed as
211. Antagonism between barbiturate and amphetamine is termed as
(a) Non-competitive antagonism
(b) Physiological antagonism
(c) Competitive antagonism
(d) Synergism
212. Which one of the following is an example of physical or chemical interaction?
212. Which one of the following is an example of physical or chemical interaction?
(a) Warfarin plus salicylates–prolongation of anticoagulant effect and bleeding tendency
(b) Methotrexate plus sulfonamides–pancytopenia
(c) Heparin plus protamine–reversal of heparin effect
(d) Sulfonamides plus salicylate–sulfa toxicity
213. First order kinetics of the drugs is called when
213. First order kinetics of the drugs is called when
(a) A constant fraction of the drug is removed in per unit time
(b) A constant amount of the drug is removed in per unit time
(c) Total amount of the drug is removed in one hour
(d) Total amount of the drug is removed in first passage through the kidneys
214. For the drugs which follow first order kinetics, after 4 half life the elimination will be approximately
214. For the drugs which follow first order kinetics, after 4 half life the elimination will be approximately
(a) 40%
(b) 94%
(c) 25%
(d) 4%
215. Passive diffusion of a drug across cell membrane is low when its molecular mass is greater than
215. Passive diffusion of a drug across cell membrane is low when its molecular mass is greater than
(a) 50–100 Da
(b) 100–200 Da
(c) 200–300 Da
(d) 300–400 Da
216. Passage of drug across most capillary endothelial membranes is dependent upon
216. Passage of drug across most capillary endothelial membranes is dependent upon
(a) Lipid solubility
(b) pH gradient
(c) Blood flow
(d) All of the above
217. Following receptors are membrane proteins, except
217. Following receptors are membrane proteins, except
(a) Receptors for fast neurotransmitters, coupled directly to an ion channel
(b) Receptors for many hormones and slow transmitters, coupled to effector system
(c) Receptor for insulin and various growth factors, which are directly linked linked to tyrosine kinase (d) Receptors for steroid hormone
218. pH difference between extracellular and intracellular fluid is
218. pH difference between extracellular and intracellular fluid is
(a) Nil
(b) 0.2
(c) 0.4
(d) 0.8
219. Which type of drugs penetrate CNS better
219. Which type of drugs penetrate CNS better
(a) Lipid soluble
(b) Weak acids
(c) Weak bases
(d) All equally
220. Acidic drugs mostly bind to plasma
220. Acidic drugs mostly bind to plasma
(a) Albumin
(b) Globulin
(c) Glycoprotein
(d) None of the above
221. The number of P450 gene families identified in human being is
221. The number of P450 gene families identified in human being is
(a) 4
(b) 8
(c) 12
(d) 16
222. The majority of drug biotransformation occurs by which cytochrome family
222. The majority of drug biotransformation occurs by which cytochrome family
(a) CYP1
(b) CYP2
(c) CYP3
(d) None of the above
223. Nonlinearity in pharmacokinetics of a drug is due to saturation of
223. Nonlinearity in pharmacokinetics of a drug is due to saturation of
(a) Protein binding
(b) Hepatic metabolism
(c) Active renal transport
(d) All of the above
224. Which of the following disease is due to G protein receptor malfunction
224. Which of the following disease is due to G protein receptor malfunction
(a) Precocious puberty
(b) Retinitis pigmentosa
(c) Malignant hyperthyroidism
(d) All of the above
225. The pharmacokinetic alternations in elderly are due to
225. The pharmacokinetic alternations in elderly are due to
(a) Reduction in lean body mass and total body water
(b) Increase in percentage of body fat
(c) Reduced cytochrome P450 enzymes
(d) All of the above
226. The effect of enzyme induction is greatest when the drug is given
(a) Digoxin
(b) Furosemide
(c) Enalapril
(d) Amrinone
227. The hepatic enzyme inducer naringenin is present in
227. The hepatic enzyme inducer naringenin is present in
(a) Tobacco smoke
(b) Grape juice
(c) Alcohol
(d) Apple Juice
228. In gene tranfer which metal particle is often used
228. In gene tranfer which metal particle is often used
(a) Iron
(b) Gold
(c) Platinum
(d) Mobybdenum
229. Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis refers to
229. Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis refers to
(a) LTC4
(b) LTD4
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
230. Drugs producing allergic reaction generally act as
230. Drugs producing allergic reaction generally act as
(a) Complete antigens
(b) Haptens
(c) Antibodies
(d) Mediators
231. An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is
231. An addicting drug which produces little or no physical dependence is
(a) Amphetamine
(b) Methadone
(c) Phenobarbitone
(d) Diazepam
232. Which of the following statements regarding therapeutic window is correct ?
232. Which of the following statements regarding therapeutic window is correct ?
(a) The ratio of LD50 to the ED50
(b) The Dosage range between the minimum effective therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration
(c) Both the above
(d) None of the above
233. Which of the following statements regarding acid –base balance is not correct ?
233. Which of the following statements regarding acid –base balance is not correct ?
(a) it is an essential balance between the amount of carbonic acid and biocarbonate in blood.
(b) It must be kept constant so that the hydrogen in concentration in the blood plasma is in turn kept constant
(c) Any deviation in the balance can have a profound effect on physiological function
(d) All the above
(e) None of the above
234. During liver disease the metabolism and elimination of which of the following drugs is decreased
(a) Morphine
(b) Pentobarbitone
(c) Propranolol
(d) All the above
(e) None of the above
235. In celiac disease oral absorption of which of the following drugs is decreased
235. In celiac disease oral absorption of which of the following drugs is decreased
(a) Amoxycillin
(b) Cephalexin
(c) Cotrimoxazole
(d) All the above
236. Which people are said to be slowest acetylators because they metabolize isoniazid by the process of acetylation very slowly
236. Which people are said to be slowest acetylators because they metabolize isoniazid by the process of acetylation very slowly
(a) Canadian Eskimos
(b) Indians
(c) Asiatic Jews
(d) Chinese
(e) Europeans
(f) all the above
237. Which people are said to be fastest acetylators because they metabolize isoniazid by the process of acetylation very quickly
237. Which people are said to be fastest acetylators because they metabolize isoniazid by the process of acetylation very quickly
(a) Canadian Eskimos
(b) Indians
(c) Asiatic Jews
(d) Chinese
(e) Europeans
(f) all the above
238. Clearance of which of the following drugs is reduced parallel to decrease in the creatine clearance
238. Clearance of which of the following drugs is reduced parallel to decrease in the creatine clearance
(a) Aminoglycosides
(b) Digoxin
(c) Phenobarbitone
(d) All the above
(e) None of the above
239. Pharmaceutical factors which can modify the effect of drug are
239. Pharmaceutical factors which can modify the effect of drug are
(a) Formulation type
(b) Bioavailabiligy
(c) Bioequivalence
(d) Fixed Dose combination
(e) All the above
(f) None of the above
240. Following statement is true about receptors linked directly to ion channels
240. Following statement is true about receptors linked directly to ion channels
(a) These receptors are involved mainly in fast synaptic transmission
(b) These are monomeric proteins containing one transmembrane segment
(c) Ligand binding and channel opening occur on a minute time-scale
(d) All of the above
241. Route of administration suitable for emergency and permits titration of the dosage as well is
241. Route of administration suitable for emergency and permits titration of the dosage as well is
(a) Oral (b) Intravenous
(c) Intramuscular
(d) Subcutaneous
(e) All the above
(f) None of the above
242. The disadvantage of oral route is
242. The disadvantage of oral route is
(a) Vomiting as a result of gastrointestinal irritation
(b) Destruction of some drugs by the digestive enzyme and non-favorable gastric pH
(c) Irregularities in the absorption in the presence of the food and other drugs
(d) Patient non-compliance
(e) All the above
(f) None of the above
243. Drugs which have a tendency to accumulate in the body fat mostly have
243. Drugs which have a tendency to accumulate in the body fat mostly have
(a) Extremely high lipid-water partition coefficient
(b) Extremely low lipid-water partition co-efficient
(c) None of the above
244. Once the drug enters the blood, the rate at which it subsequently penetrates the tissues and other body fluids depends on
(a) Capillary permeability
(b) Extent of plasma protein and tissue binding
(c) Transport mechanism
(d) All the above
(e) None of the above
245. Factor which can effect the absorption of drug is
245. Factor which can effect the absorption of drug is
(a) Dissolution rate
(b) Particle Size
(c) Lipid Solubility
(d) All the above
(e) None of the above
246. The movement of drug molecules across the cell membrane is by
246. The movement of drug molecules across the cell membrane is by
(a) Diffusion through the lipid
(b) Diffusing through aqueous pores that traverse the lipid
(c) Combination with a carrier molecule which acts as a catalyst
(d) Pinocytosis
(e) All the above
(f) None of the above
247. Which of the following responses develops to drugs due to antigen-antibody reaction ?
247. Which of the following responses develops to drugs due to antigen-antibody reaction ?
(a) Toxic response
(b) Idiosyncratic response
(c) Allergic response
(d) None of the above
248. The microsomal oxidation of drugs is carried out through a larger or smaller extent in
248. The microsomal oxidation of drugs is carried out through a larger or smaller extent in
(a) Liver
(b) Kidney
(c) Lung
(d) small intestine
(e) all of the above
249. The mechanism of Biotransformation of Aspirin to Salicylic acid and Acetic acid is
249. The mechanism of Biotransformation of Aspirin to Salicylic acid and Acetic acid is
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
(c) Hydrolysis
(d) None of the above
250. Which one of the statements regarding microsomal enzymes is not correct
250. Which one of the statements regarding microsomal enzymes is not correct
(a) They lack specificity
(b) Capable of metabolizing substances of different structure
(c) Only catalyze reaction of compounds which are lipid insoluble
(d) All the above
201. b
ANSWERS
201. b
202. a
203. d
204. a
205. d
206. d
207. b
208. c
209. b
210. b
211. b
212. c
213. a
214. b
215. b
216. c
217. d
218. c
219. a
220. a
221. c
222. c
223. d
224. d
225. d
226. a
227. b
228. b
229. c
230. b
231. a
232. b
233. e
234. d
235. a
236. e
237. a
238. d
239. e
240. a
241. b
242. d
243. a
244. d
245. d
246. 5
247. c
248. e
249. c
250. c
217. d Receptors for steroid hormones are intracellular DNA – binding proteins, which regulate gene transcription.
217. d Receptors for steroid hormones are intracellular DNA – binding proteins, which regulate gene transcription.
240. a Receptors linked directly to ion channels are involved in the fast synaptic transmission e.g. nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. This receptor is a pentamer i.e. it is made up of five poly-peptide subunits.
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